Packaging machinery



Sept. 15, 1942. 5. J. CAMPBELL 2,296,142

PACKAGING MACHINERY Filed Aug. 2, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR J/QMUELJ am/ 55M BY A zonu eva.

Sept. 15, 1942.

5. J. CAMPBELL PACKAGING MACHINERY Filed Aug. 2, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 2INVENTOR 50M 54 AMPBELL.

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ATTORNEYJ,

P 1942- S. J. CAMPBELL 2,296,142

PACKAGING MACHINERY Filed Aug. 2, 1940 s Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTQR59/01/51. J. CHMPEEALk f Q Q ATY'II'ORNEYJ,

P 1942- S. J. CAMPBELL 2,296,142

PACKAGING MACHINERY INVENTOR SH/"0E4, d. CH/1426524,

ATTORN EYZ 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 S. J. CAMPBELL Filed Aug. 2, 1940 INVENTORflMI/EL J. 6100 6544 Meg, MY'W.

PACKAGING MACHINER Y Sept. 15, 1942.

ATTORNEYJ QQ Q1 Patented Sept. 15, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE i taximum im z fif z 1:3 871 u 1% Claims: (01: 93-3) This invention relatesto an improvement .in packaging machinery and methods.

It is the primary object of the invention to provide a packaging machinein which the material to be packaged is fed at a constant rate and theprinting on the wrapper is adjusted to the rate of package feed, thecut-off of the tubed wrapper,

between the material packaged therein being accomplished at the flxedrate at which such material is fed, without regard to the printing onthe wrapper.

More specifically, it is proposed in the preferred embodiment of themachine to provide anparatus which will package loose and bulky articlessuch as stacks of napkins, the machine being organized to feed thenapkin stacks at a constant rate and a previously printed wrapper beingarranged with a normal feed at a rate slight- 1y lower than the rate offeed oi. t 'e articles to be wrapped, together with a supplementalfeedfor accelerating the feed of the wrapper in conformity with the feed ofthe articles from time to time as discrepancies in the timing appear.

Small articles have been wrapped by tubing a wrapper about them andsubsequently cutting the wrapper between the articles. of a tubedwrapper between such bulky articles as a stack of paper napkins haspresented difllculties which it is a further object of the presentinvention to solve. It is proposed herein to use a cut-off knife which,while moving transversely of the tube wrapper for the severance thereof,also moves with the wrapper to make clean transverse cut.

Other objects of the invention have to do with novel and improved meansfor making and securing the folds in the ends of the successive packagesafter the tubular wrapper has been out between the articles wrapped.

In the drawings: 1 K

Fig. 1 is a view largely in side elevation of a wrapping machineembodying the invention.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic plan view of the machine with which I haveassociated successive views in perspective of the article in successivestages of wrapping, these views in perspective being shown on anenlarged scale and connected by lead lines withthe portions of Fig. 2 inwhich the wrapping has progressed to the point indicated by theperspective.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary diagrammatic view in plan illustrating amodified embodiment of the organization shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. .4 is an enlarged diagrammatic view in The cutting I chronizingcontrols which regulate the feed of the wrapper in accordance with feedof the mod-- uct. to be wrapped.

Fig. 5 is a detail view in transverse section of a differentialmechanism used in the regulating device of Fig. 4.- a

. Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view in side elevation showing a modifiedtype of regulating equipment. a

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary horizontal section on an enlarged scale showinga detail of the cut-oil. knife and its associated mechanism in plan.

Fig. 8 is a detail view taken insection on line in plan and partially insection showing the operation of certain of the end folding devicesillustrated in Fig. 9 and Fig. 10.

Like parts are identified by the same reference characters throughoutthe several views.

While the device herein disclosed is particularly designed to packagestacks of paper napkins, it will be understood that the machine is alsoadapted to package other articles and particularly bulky articles suchas have not hereto foie been packaged in any machine of this charac er.i

The web l5 of wrapping paper is fed from a supply roll I6 over a guide Hon to a feed belt 18. The inclined portion is of the feed table 20 restscentrally upon the web I! and the sides of the web are supported by thelateral conveyors 2| and 22 to provide a channel into which successiveobjects 25 requiring packaging are propelled by the arms 26 of conveyor21.

The margin of the side of the paper web sup ported by conveyor 2| isfolded inwardly as indicated at 28 in Fig. 2 and is treated withadhesive by a roll 29 supplied from glue pot 30 in a conventional manneras shown in Fig. 1. The opposite margin of that side of the websupported by conveyor 22 is now folded inwardly as indicated at 32 andcontacts with the glued margin 28. Any conventional folding means may beemployed such, for example, as the folders shown in Marcus Patent1,038,493 of Septem- 1920. Assuming that the packages ofnapkins orperspective showing the organization of the synother articles t0 eWrapped are substantially 2 oblong or cubical as indicated in 23, itwill be apparent that the tube in which the wrapper is formed about thearticles is substantially square in cross section. Asthe tubed wrapperis propelled by feed belt I3 and confined at its sides by conveyors 2|and 22, the overlapping margins 23 and 32 are maintained undercompression by a top conveyor belt 33 until the adhesive applied byroller 23has time to set.

The conveyor 21 which introduces the successive articles to be wrappedis driven at a constant rate by motor 35 which is belted to a pulley 33carrying a pinion 31 meshing with gear 33. From gear 33, a belt 33'drives the glue pot mechanism. A small pinion 33 connected with gearpropelling arms 23 passes a depending switch lever 33. The arrangementis such that whenever the proper correlation between theimpulseswrapping web is being underfed in re ation to the delivery of the"articles to be wrapped, the pitch 33 drives gear 43 on a cross shaft 4|which carries pinion 42 meshing with gear 43. Gear 43 meshes withanother gear 44 on a shaft 43 carrying sprockets which drive chains 43and 41 respectively connected to the conveyor mechanism 21 and to thecut-oil knife hereinafter to be described.

Bevel gearing connected with shaft 4| drives the chain 53 which operatesthe wrapping paper web conveyor |3 subject to the regulating means nowto be described.

The sprocket 5| driven by chain 53 is mounted on sleeve shaft 52 whichcarries differential gear 53. Piloted in the sleeve shaft 52 is shaft 54carrying a complementary differential gear 55. Free of shaft 54 androtatably supported thereby is a worm gear 53 carrying three or morepinions, one of which is shown at 51 in mesh with differential gears 53and 55. Worm gear 53 is driven by a worm 53 on shaft 53 which carriessprockets 33 driven by motor 3|. This motor may drive in one directiononly, as shown in Fig. 4, or it may be reversible, as shown at 3 |3 inFig. 6.

The output shaft 54 of th differential mechanism supports a pulley 32over which the feed conveyor |3 for the wrapping paper web is operated.

As viewed in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, shaft 54 must operate in a clockwisedirection. Accordingly, the motion is applied counter-clockwise tosprocket 5| and such motion transmitted through pinions 51, drives shaft54 in the proper direction.

The design of the sprockets and gears is such that the labels or otherpatterns repetitively printed on the web |5 of wrapping material willnot be fed quite fast enough to register accurately with thesuccessively fed articles to be wrapped.

Or, in the alternative, thedesign may be such that the web of wrappingmaterial will be fed slightly too fast for proper registration of itslabel or other design with successive articles to be wrapped. In eithercase, it is possible through the use of a uni-directional motor at 3| tooperate the differential mechanism shown in Figs. 4 and 5 to makesuitable correction.

This is done by printing at intervals on the web of wrapping material |5a suitable indicating mark 33, one of which is preferably associated ofthe threads of the worm 33 and worm gear 33 will be such asto slightlystep up the rate of wrapper feed whenever the discrepancy becomesapparent. Since the retrogression of the wrapper will only be oneortwo-thousandths of an inch for each article wrapped, the correctivemechanism will only function after the passage of several successivearticles. enough to detect the discrepancy until the discrepancy becomessufficiently substantial to warrant correction.

If the rate of feedqiof the wrapping web exceeds the rate at which thearticles are supplied, then the direction of rotation of the motor 3| orthe pitch of the threads of worm 53 and worm gear 53 will be such as tosubtract the motion derived from motor 3| from the motion derived fromchain 53 in the differential, whereby to retard the wrapper untilregistration of the printed design thereon with the articles wrappedtherein is reestablished.

If desired, the motor 3|3 may be a two-speed motor and the switch 31 maybe supplemented by a switch 313 and an arm 333. In this arrangement, thecontrol mechanism 363 is sovorganized by known electrical circuits thatif the impulse received from the scanning cell 34 registers with theimpulse received from switch 31, the reversible motor-H3 will beoperated in a direction to accelerate the web feeding conveyor l3,whereas if the impulse received from scanning cell 34 synchronizes withthe impulse received from switch 313, the motor 3|3 will be operated inreverse to retard the rate of operation of the feeding conveyor i3.

Aligned with the feed conveyor I 3 is a conveyor 33 and between suchconveyors moves a cut-off knife 13 which is preferably in the nature ofa disk saw. and is shown in detail in Figs. 7 and 8.

A slide 1| is reciprocable in a guideway 12. As viewed in Fig. '7, itis-drawn to the left by tension spring 13 and advanced to the right by apiston 14 operating in an air cylinder 15.

Mounted on the slide 1| is a rock shaft 13 to which is fixed a sleeve 11carrying an arm 13 on which the saw 13 is rotatably mounted. Journaledin the sleeve 11 is a drive shaft 13 having splined engagement with adriving head 33 actuated by the separate motor 3|. The drive shaft 19 isconnected by belt 32 to the saw. It is axially aligned with rock shaft13 so as not to affect the centers over which belt 32 operates while therock shaft 13 is oscillated. The motor 3| could be mounted on the slide1| but the splined connection provided between parts 13 and 33 permitsthe motor to remain stationary while maintaining the driving connectionto the saw.

tervals from switch 31 whenever one of the work The transverse bars 83and 34 support a cross head 35 to which the arm 33 on rock shaft 13 isslidably connected. To operate the cross head transversely with respectto the slide 1|, a piston 31 is connected to the cross head and operatesunder pneumatic pressure in the cylinder 38.

It is not sensitive I normally held by gravity at one or the other ofthe extremes of movement permitted to rock shaft 18 by the length oftravel of piston 81 in Since the wrapper is in constant mothe wrapper tofold downwardlyto the position indicated at D in Fig. 2.

In the meantime, the lowermost apices I83 at the endsof the wrapper havebeen engaged in the horizontal slots I85 of the stationary foldingblades I88 and as they project through slots I85 they pass beneath aglue applicating roller I88 be at an angle and the wrapper would be bentmove with the wrapper in the same direction and at substantially thesame rate during the interval of cut.

In one cutting operation the knife 18 will be moved from its full lineposition to its dotted line position in Fig. 8. It will remain in thedotted line position until the time arrives for the next subsequentcutting operation whereupon air will be admitted again to cylinder 15and this time to the opposite end of cylinder 88 whereby to move piston81 in the opposite direction and swing the saw back to its full lineposition, again moving with the,tubed wrapper to make a cut therethroughat 88. Thus, in each to and fro oscillation of rock shaft 15, the knife18 makes a cut of the tubed wrapper between the articles enfoldedtherein and, regardless of which direction the rock 'shaft oscillates toswing the knife through the work, the knife is always moved in thedirection of the work and substantially at the same speed by movement ofthe slide 1| produced by piston 14 and cylinder 15.

As delivered on to conveyor 68, the work pieces comprise an article suchas a stack of napkins 25 wrapped in a square tubed jacket having theoverlapped margins adhesively joined as shown at A in Fig. 2.

The work is now moved from conveyor 68 at right angles on to table 88and simultaneously portions of the wrapper are folded in as indicated at8| in the perspective drawing B of Fig. 2.

Pulleys 82 and 83 above the table 88 support a conveyor belt 84 uponwhich at suitable intervals are disposed sets of propelling paddles 85having folding wings 86 hinged to the sides of the paddles and providedwith cam follower control levers 81 as shown in Figs. 9, 10 and 11.

As each successive propelling paddle 85 passes about the pulley 83 intoengagement with a work piece A on the conveyor belt 88, stationary cams88 engage the rollers 88 on the cam follower levers 81 to oscillate thefolding wings 85 about their respective hinge connections with saidlever to fold inwardly the portions 8| of the work pieces as shown at B.The work piece with its (Fig. 9) with the result that the glued apicesI83 of the wrapper are forced to fold upwardly into positions overlyingthe downwardly turned apices I82 thereof as shown at E in Fig. 2. This-com-. pletes the folding operation and before the paddle 85, which hasbeen propelling the work across table 88, turns upwardly over pulley 82,the work is delivered on to conveyor belt I88 along which it movesbetween belts I88 and H8 at opposite sides of its path which hold theoverlapped ends of the wrapper under pressure until the adhesive hastime to set.

Reference has already been made to the driving chain 41 leading towardthe rear of the marear end portions folded inwardly is then projectingwrapper portions engage in the slots I84 of the stationary foldingblades I88 and the downward arcuate curvature of such slots as indicatedin Fig. 8 forces the upper apices I82 of chine from shaft 45. This chaindrives a sprocket II 2 which, in turn, drives the gear I I3 throughpinion II4 (Fig. 9). Gear H3 is' mounted on a shaft 5 connected by chainI15 with the shaft II1 on which is located the pulley II8 over whicconveyor belt 88 operates.

Also driven by shaft II5 through chain I28 is shaft I 2I. Through bevelgearing at I22 and sprocket I23 and chain I24, motion is transmitted tothe shaft I25 on which is located pulley 82 for the top conveyor 84which propels the work through the folder. Associated with sprocket I23to receive motion from the bevel gearing I22 is a gear I26 meshing withgear I21 on a cross shaft I28 which, through bevel gearing I28,

'drives pressure conveyor I 88 and through bevel gearing I38 drivespressure conveyor II8. I

On shaft I25 for the overhead conveyor 84 is a cam I35 with which coactsa cam follower I35 and connected with valve I31 which has a supply pipeI38 for air under pressure and pipe I38 leading to the end of aircylinder 15 (Fig, 7) which advances the knife with the work whenever theknife is in operation to cut the wrapper. 4

Driven at half speed from the same shaft I25 through a chain I48 isanother cam I with which cooperates the cam follower lever I42 of avalve I43 having an air supply pipe I44 for delivering air underpressure thereto and two air outlet pipes I45 and I45, respectivelyconnected to opposite ends of the air cylinder 88 which oscillates theknife to and fro for successive cutting operation (Fig. 7); Since camI4I operates at half the speed of cam I35, it will be obvious that valveI31 will be operated twice in each complete cycle of operation of valveI43, thereby affording the required reciprocation of the slide H witheach to or fro movement of the cutting knife.

The organization of the wrapping machine disclosed is such thatcomparatively few changes are necessary to enable the fundamentalstructure to operate on particles of differing sizes for the purposes ofpackaging the same. The spacing between side and top conveyors mayreadily be varied to suit the requirements of the work and only very fewparts such as the folding and propelling paddles needbe bodilyinterchanged therein.

rate of delivery of a tubed wrapper with respect to constantly suppliedwork pieces and a cutoff knife'operating in synchronism with the rate atwhich the work pieces are supplied.

In the device of Fig. 3, it is not essential to use any means forsynchronizing web movement to the rate at which articles are supplied tothe web to be enfolded therein, inasmuch as the device of Fig. 3 doesnot employ a previously print ed web, but, instead, accomplishes theregistration of printed portions of the wrapper with the articlesenfolded in the wrapper by imprinting the pattern on the wrapper onlyafter the articles have been registered therewith.

It is immaterial whether the pattern be imprinted on the folded webbefore or after the web is cut into sections by the cut-off knife 10.Either the wrapping section of the machine or the folding sectionthereof may be lengthened to provide space for the printing, embossin orother patterning dies I50. It is convenient in this connection to usethe press dies I50 to print with aniline ink which is a quick-drying inkand well suited for the purposes of the present invention, since itdries before the subsequent operations are performed upon the partiallycompleted package. Obviously, any desired number or form of, dies at I50may be used to repeat, any desired pattern upon the tubular sectioncontaining an article in registration with the article entubed I claim:

1. The combination with means for feeding articles to be wrapped, acut-off knife, and means for operating the cut-off knife periodicallyacross a predetermined path in synchronism with the rate at whicharticles are supplied, of means for supplying a patterned wrapper, meansfor tubing the wrapper about the articles to be wrapped and advancingthe wrapper and the enfolded articles on said path past the cut-offknife, and mechanism for synchronizing the feed of the wrapper to therate at which articles to be wrapped are supplied by said firstmentioned means.

2. In a device of the character-described, the combination with meansfor supplying articles at a constant rate, of means for advancing a webof wrapping material, means for enfolding the articles successively inthe web, means for cutting the folded web between the articles enfoldedtherein, and means including an auxiliary booster mechanism co-operativewith the web feed means for synchronizing a attern on the web with saidcut-ofl means whereby said pattern is repeated in portions of the webintervening between each cut made therein.

3. In awrapping machine, the combination with means for advancingarticles to be wrapped, of means for supplying a web provided with apattern repeated at predetermined intervals, said web advancing meansbeing slightly out of synchronism in a predetermined manner with saidarticle supplying means, means for tubing the web about thearticles tobe wrapped therein, a supplementary feeding device for said web adaptedto vary the rate of feeding of the web toward synchronization with saidarticle supplying means, and mechanism including a scanning device pastwhich said web is operative and a switch operatively connected to beactuated by said article supplying means for regulating saidsupplemental feeding means to maintain said web in substantialsynchronism with said articles, and a cutter operated in synchronismwith said article supplying means for cutting the web midway betweenarticles enfolded therein.

4. In a packaging machine, the combination with an article supplyingconveyor, of means including a conveyor for advancing an articlewrapping web bearing a repetitive pattern and indiciain predeterminedrelation to the pattern, of means for actuating said web conveyor at arate slightly out of synchronism with said article conveyor, 8.supplemental'means effecting actuation of said web conveyor, scanningmeans in behalf of said web affected by said indicia and includingmechanism controlling said supplemental web actuating means in adirection to compensate for lack of synchronlsmbetween the web and thearticles to be wrapped, mechanism for enfolding the wrapping web in atube about the articles, mechanism for severing the tubed web midwaybetween articles previously wrapped therein, and mechanism for foldingupon such articles the cut ends of the wrapping tube.

5. In a wrapping machine, the combination with an article conveyor and awrapping web conveyor, of means for'operating said conveyors slightlyout of synchronism, a supplemental means for actuating said webconveyor, and imechianism controlling the operatiion of saidsupplemental means at a rate such as to maintain substantial synchronismbetween the web conveyor and the article conveyor. Y

6. The combination withan article conveyor and a web conveyor, of meansfor tubing the web about the articles propelled by the article conveyor,means for cutting the tubed web midway betweenarticles enfolded thereinand said cutting means including actuating connections synchronized withthe article conveyor, and means for driving the article conveyor and theweb conveyor slightly out of synchronism with the web conveyor slightlyretarded as compared with the article conveyor, a supplemental drivingmeans for the web conveyor and web control mechanism comprising ascanning device, and means actuated therebyin operative controllingconnection with said supplemental driving means to regulate theoperation thereof at a rate to maintain said conveyors in substantialsynchronism.

7..In a wrapping machine, the combination with an article conveyor and aweb conveyor, means for tubing a web carried by the web conveyor aboutthe articles delivered by the article conveyor, means for cutting theweb midway between the articles entubed therein, means for actuatingsaid cutting means in synchronism with the article conveyor, a firstmeans for actuating the web conveyor at a rate slightly greater than therateof operation of the article conveyor, and a second driving meansopposed a; in a wrapping machine, the co mbination with an articleconveyor and a web conveyor and means for op rating said conveyorsslightly web conveyor about the articles delivered by the articleconveyor, and means for advancing andretarding the rate of operation ofthe web conveyor as compared with the rate of operation of the articleconveyor, said means including control mechanism actuated in part bysaid successive switches and in part by said scanning devices. I I a 9.In a wrapping machine, the combination with means for deliveringarticles to be wrapped, means for delivering a web for the wrapping ofsaid articles, and means for entubing said web about said articles, ofmeans controlled in accordance with the operation of both of said firstmentioned means for maintaing synchronization of web feed with articlefeed, means synchronized with the rate of article feed for cutting thetubed web midway between articles enfolded therein, and means forfolding the cut ends of the tubed web upon the articles.

10. In a wrapping machine, the combination withmeans for deliveringarticles to be wrapped, means for delivering a web for the wrapping ofsaid articles, and means for entubing said web about said articles, ofmeans controlled in accordance with the operation of both of said firstmentioned means for maintaining synchronization'of web feed with articlefeed, means synchronized with the rate of article feed for cutting thetubed web midway between articles enfolded therein, and means forfolding the cut ends of the tubed web upon the articles, said webcutting means comprising a knife, means for moving the knifetransversely of the moving web, and means for advancing the knife withthe web in the course of its transverse movement.

11. A wrapping machine comprising the combination with means fordelivering an article to be wrapped, of means for delivering a tubularwrapper about each such article, and means for completing the folding ofthe wrapper upon the article, said means comprising a cross conveyor, apaddle engaged with a side of the tubular wrapping wings hinged to thepaddle and movable across the ends of the tubular wrapping to make apreliminary foldtherein, and cam means operable in the advance of saidpaddle for hingedly moving said wings.

12. In a wrapping machine, the combination with means for feedingsuccessive articles to be wrappe and means for enfolding successivearticles in tubular sections, of wrapper feeding means variable as toits rate of operation, wrapping v engageable. with sides of the tubularwrapper sections, folding wings hinged to therespective paddles andengageable with projecting end portions of the tubular wrapper sections,and cam means in the path of movement of said paddles, said wings havingcam followers engageable with said means for-the actuation of said wingsin directions to fold forwardly the end portions of tubular wrappersections engaged by said wings in the propulsion of the articles andtubular wrapper sections.

14. In a wrapping machine, the combination with means for feedingsuccessive articles to be wrapped, of means for enfolding successivearticles in tubular sections, of wrapping means for registeringpatterned portions of the wrapper with said articles, and means forfolding the ends of the tubular wrapper sections upon the articles, saidmeans comprising a cross conveyor including successive articlepropelling paddles engageable with sides of the tubular wrappersections, folding wings hinged to the respective paddles and engageablewith projecting end portions of V the tubular wrapper sections, and cammeans in the path of movement of said paddles, said wings having camfollowers engageable with said means for the actuation of said wings indirecmeans including mechanism for varying the rate of said feedingmeans to register patterned portions of the wrapper with said articles,and means for folding the ends of the tubular wrapper sections upon thearticles.

13. In a wrapping machine, the combination with means for-feedingsuccessive articles to be tions to fold forwardly the end portions oftubular wrapper sections engaged by said wings in the propulsion of thearticles and tubular wrapper sections, and stationary folding bladeshaving portions engageable with forward portions of the projecting endsof the tubular wrapper sections to fold said forward portions inwardlyand oppositely curving slots successively engageable with upper andlower apices remaining projecting from said articles whereby to foldsaid apices over each other.

15. A machine for wrapping successive articles in webbed sections havinga predetermined pattern and indicia thereon, said machine comprising aweb support, a web advancing conveyor, a scanning device in the path ofmovement of the web between the support and the conveyor, a

table having a delivery portion extending on to 'of the web conveyor tosynchronize the patterned portions of the web with the articlesdelivered thereto, a cut-01f knife, means for actuating said cut-01fknife across the path of the tubed web in synchronism with the rate ofarticle delivery to the web, said knife being timed to cut the entubedweb midway between articles enfolded therein, and means for advancingthe knife with the web in the course of each cutting operation, andmeans for folding upon each article the cut ends of the web in which thearticle is entubed.

16. The combination with means for feeding articles to be wrapped, saidfeed being at a constant rate, a cut-off knife, and means for operatingthe cut-off knife periodically across a predetermined path insynchronism with the rate at which articles are supplied, of means forsupplying a wrapper, means for tubing the wrapper about the articles tobe wrapped and advancing the wrapper and the enfolded articles on saidpaths past the cut-oil? knife, a mechanism for synchronizing the feed ofthe wrapper to the articles to be wrapped, said feed being at a constantrate, a cut-off knife, and means for operating the cut-off knifeperiodically across a predetermined path in synchronism with the rate atwhich articlesare supplied, of means for supplying a wrapper, means fortubing the wrapper about the articles to be wrapped and advancing thewrapper and the eniolded articles on said paths past the cut-of! knife,and mechanism for synchronizing the feed of the wrapper to the rate atwhich articles to be wrapped are supplied by said first mentioned means,said mechanism comprising an auxiliary source of power andphoto-responsive apparatus for controlling said source of power to alterthe normal speed of the 10 auxiliary supply means.

SAMUEL J. CAMPBELL.

